Evaluation Rubric

Here is my Rubric links.
http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=ShowRubric&rubric_id=1834121&

Web Designed

http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?ts=1257758287

Homework before Midterm

Report Aircraft

(Subject: Access to Library and Information System)

ABSTRACT

This report will give you briefly about the Aircraft.

Table of contents

1.Classification by method of lift

2.Classification by propulsion

3.Classification by use

4.History

5.Manufacturers and types

6.References

Introduction

An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to fly by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift (as with balloons, blimps and dirigibles) or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil (as with vehicles that plane the air with wings in a straight manner, such as airplanes and gliders, or vehicles that generate lift with wings in a rotary manner, such as helicopters or gyrocopters).[1]

Although rockets and missiles also travel through the atmosphere, most are not considered aircraft because they use rocket thrust instead of aerodynamics as the primary means of lift (A cruise missile may be considered to be an aircraft because it relies on a lifting wing).

The human activity which surrounds aircraft is called aviation. Manned aircraft are flown by an onboard pilot. Unmanned aerial vehicles may be remotely controlled or self-controlled by onboard computers. Target drones are an example of UAVs.

Body

Classification by method of lift
Lighter than air – aerostats
Aerostats use buoyancy to float in the air in much the same way that ships float on the water. They are characterized by one or more large gasbags or canopies, filled with a relatively low density gas such as helium, hydrogen or hot air, which is less dense than the surrounding air. When the weight of this is added to the weight of the aircraft structure, it adds up to the same weight as the air that the craft displaces.

Small hot air balloons called sky lanterns date back to the 3rd century BC, and were only the second type of aircraft to fly, the first being kites.

Originally, a balloon was any aerostat, while the term airship was used for large, powered aircraft designs – usually fixed-wing[citation needed] – though none had yet been built. The advent of powered balloons, called dirigible balloons, and later of rigid hulls allowing a great increase in size, began to change the way these words were used. Huge powered aerostats, characterized by a rigid outer framework and separate aerodynamic skin surrounding the gas bags, were produced, the Zeppelins being the largest and most famous. There were still no fixed-wing aircraft or non-rigid balloons large enough to be called airships, so "airship" came to be synonymous with these aircraft. Then several accidents, such as the Hindenburg disaster in 1937, led to the demise of these airships. Nowadays a "balloon" is an unpowered aerostat, whilst an "airship" is a powered one.

A powered, steerable aerostat is called a dirigible. Sometimes this term is applied only to non-rigid balloons, and sometimes dirigible balloon is regarded as the definition of an airship (which may then be rigid or non-rigid). Non-rigid dirigibles are characterized by a moderately aerodynamic gasbag with stabilizing fins at the back. These soon became known as blimps. During the Second World War, this shape was widely adopted for tethered balloons; in windy weather, this both reduces the strain on the tether and stabilizes the balloon. The nickname blimp was adopted along with the shape. In modern times any small dirigible or airship is called a blimp, though a blimp may be unpowered as well as powered.

[edit] Heavier than air – aerodynes
Heavier-than-air aircraft must find some way to push air or gas downwards, so that a reaction occurs (by Newton's laws of motion) to push the aircraft upwards. This dynamic movement through the air is the origin of the term aerodyne. There are two ways to produce dynamic upthrust: aerodynamic lift, and powered lift in the form of engine thrust.

Aerodynamic lift is the most common, with fixed-wing aircraft being kept in the air by the forward movement of wings, and rotorcraft by spinning wing-shaped rotors sometimes called rotary wings. A wing is a flat, horizontal surface, usually shaped in cross-section as an aerofoil. To fly, air must flow over the wing and generate lift. A flexible wing is a wing made of fabric or thin sheet material, often stretched over a rigid frame. A kite is tethered to the ground and relies on the speed of the wind over its wings, which may be flexible or rigid, fixed or rotary.

With powered lift, the aircraft directs its engine thrust vertically downwards.

The initialism VTOL (vertical take off and landing) is applied to aircraft that can take off and land vertically. Most are rotorcraft. Others, such as the Hawker Siddeley Harrier, take off and land vertically using powered lift and transfer to aerodynamic lift in steady flight. Similarly, STOL stands for short take off and landing. Some VTOL aircraft often operate in a short take off/vertical landing mode known as STOVL.

A pure rocket is not usually regarded as an aerodyne, because it does not depend on the air for its lift (and can even fly into space); however, many aerodynamic lift vehicles have been powered or assisted by rocket motors. Rocket-powered missiles which obtain aerodynamic lift at very high speed due to airflow over their bodies, are a marginal case.
Fixed-wing aircraft

NASA test aircraft
A size comparison of some of the largest fixed-wing aircraft. The Airbus A380-800 (largest airliner), the Boeing 747-8, the Antonov An-225 (aircraft with the greatest payload) and the Hughes H-4 "Spruce Goose" (aircraft with greatest wingspan).Airplanes or aeroplanes are technically called fixed-wing aircraft.

The forerunner of the fixed-wing aircraft is the kite. Whereas a fixed-wing aircraft relies on its forward speed to create airflow over the wings, a kite is tethered to the ground and relies on the wind blowing over its wings to provide lift. Kites were the first kind of aircraft to fly, and were invented in China around 500 BC. Much aerodynamic research was done with kites before test aircraft, wind tunnels and computer modelling programs became available.

The first heavier-than-air craft capable of controlled free flight were gliders. A glider designed by Cayley carried out the first true manned, controlled flight in 1853.

Besides the method of propulsion, fixed-wing aircraft are generally characterized by their wing configuration. The most important wing characteristics are:

Number of wings – Monoplane, biplane, etc.
Wing support – Braced or cantilever, rigid or flexible.
Wing planform – including aspect ratio, angle of sweep and any variations along the span (including the important class of delta wings).
Location of the horizontal stabiliser, if any.
Dihedral angle – positive, zero or negative (anhedral).
A variable geometry aircraft can change its wing configuration during flight.

A flying wing has no fuselage, though it may have small blisters or pods. The opposite of this is a lifting body which has no wings, though it may have small stabilising and control surfaces.

Most fixed-wing aircraft feature a tail unit or empennage incorporating vertical, and often horizontal, stabilising surfaces.

Seaplanes are aircraft that land on water, and they fit into two broad classes: Flying boats are supported on the water by their fuselage. A float plane's fuselage remains clear of the water at all times, the aircraft being supported by two or more floats attached to the fuselage and/or wings. Some examples of both flying boats and float planes are amphibious, being able to take off from and alight on both land and water.

Some people consider wing-in-ground-effect vehicles to be fixed-wing aircraft, others do not. These craft "fly" close to the surface of the ground or water. An example is the Russian ekranoplan (nicknamed the "Caspian Sea Monster"). Man-powered aircraft also rely on ground effect to remain airborne, but this is only because they are so underpowered—the airframe is theoretically capable of flying much higher.

[edit] Rotorcraft
Main article: Rotorcraft

Mil Mi-26, the world's largest production helicopter.[2]Rotorcraft, or rotary-wing aircraft, use a spinning rotor with aerofoil section blades (a rotary wing) to provide lift. Types include helicopters, autogyros and various hybrids such as gyrodynes and compound rotorcraft.

Helicopters have powered rotors. The rotor is driven (directly or indirectly) by an engine and pushes air downwards to create lift. By tilting the rotor forwards, the downwards flow is tilted backwards, producing thrust for forward flight.

Autogyros or gyroplanes have unpowered rotors, with a separate power plant to provide thrust. The rotor is tilted backwards. As the autogyro moves forward, air blows upwards through it, making it spin.(cf. Autorotation)


US-Recognition Manual (very likely copy of German drawing)This spinning dramatically increases the speed of airflow over the rotor, to provide lift. Juan de la Cierva (a Spanish civil engineer) used the product name autogiro, and Bensen used gyrocopter. Rotor kites, such as the Focke Achgelis Fa 330 are unpowered autogyros, which must be towed by a tether to give them forward ground speed or else be tether-anchored to a static anchor in a high-wind situation for kited flight.

Gyrodynes are a form of helicopter, where forward thrust is obtained from a separate propulsion device rather than from tilting the rotor. The definition of a 'gyrodyne' has changed over the years, sometimes including equivalent autogyro designs. The most important characteristic is that in forward flight air does not flow significantly either up or down through the rotor disc but primarily across it. The Heliplane is a similar idea.

Compound rotorcraft have wings which provide some or all of the lift in forward flight. Compound helicopters and compound autogyros have been built, and some forms of gyroplane may be referred to as compound gyroplanes. Tiltrotor aircraft (such as the V-22 Osprey) have their rotors horizontal for vertical flight, and pivot the rotors vertically like a propeller for forward flight. The Coleopter had a cylindrical wing forming a duct around the rotor. On the ground it sat on its tail, and took off and landed vertically like a helicopter. The whole aircraft would then have tilted forward to fly as a propeller-driven fixed-wing aircraft using the duct as a wing (though this transition was never achieved in practice.)

Some rotorcraft have reaction-powered rotors with gas jets at the tips, but most have one or more lift rotors powered from engine-driven shafts.

[edit] Other methods of lift

X24B lifting body, specialized gliderA lifting body is the opposite of a flying wing. In this configuration the aircraft body is shaped to produce lift. If there are any wings, they are too small to provide significant lift and are used only for stability and control. Lifting bodies are not efficient: they suffer from high drag, and must also travel at high speed to generate enough lift to fly. Many of the research prototypes, such as the Martin-Marietta X-24, which led up to the Space Shuttle were lifting bodies (though the shuttle itself is not), and some supersonic missiles obtain lift from the airflow over a tubular body.
Powered lift types rely on engine-derived lift for vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL). Most types transition to fixed-wing lift for horizontal flight. Classes of powered lift types include VTOL jet aircraft (such as the Harrier jump-jet) and tiltrotors (such as the V-22 Osprey), among others. A few examples rely entirely on engine thrust to provide lift throughout the flight. There are few practical applications. Experimental designs have been built for personal fan-lift hover platforms and jetpacks or for VTOL research (for example the flying bedstead).
The FanWing is a recent innovation and represents a completely new class of aircraft. This uses a fixed wing with a cylindrical fan mounted spanwise just above. As the fan spins, it creates an airflow backwards over the upper surface of the wing, creating lift. The fan wing is (2005) in development in the United Kingdom.




























Classification by propulsion





Unpowered
[edit] Gliders
Main article: Glider aircraft
Heavier-than-air unpowered aircraft such as gliders (i.e. sailplanes), hang gliders and paragliders, and other gliders usually do not employ propulsion once airborne. Take-off may be by launching forwards and downwards from a high location, or by pulling into the air on a tow-line, by a ground-based winch or vehicle, or by a powered "tug" aircraft. For a glider to maintain its forward air speed and lift, it must descend in relation to the air (but not necessarily in relation to the ground). Some gliders can 'soar'- gain height from updrafts such as thermal currents. The first practical, controllable example was designed and built by the British scientist and pioneer George Cayley, who many recognise as the first aeronautical engineer.[3]
[edit] Balloons
Main article: Balloon
Balloons drift with the wind, though normally the pilot can control the altitude, either by heating the air or by releasing ballast, giving some directional control (since the wind direction changes with altitude). A wing-shaped hybrid balloon can glide directionally when rising or falling; but a spherically shaped balloon does not have such directional control.
[edit] Kites
Main article: kite
Kites are aircraft[4] that are tethered to the ground or other object (fixed or mobile) that maintains tension in the tether or kite line; they rely on virtual or real wind blowing over and under them to generate lift and drag. Kytoons are balloon kites that are shaped and tethered to obtain kiting deflections, and can be lighter-than-air, neutrally buoyant, or heavier-than air.
[edit] Powered
[edit] Propeller aircraft

A turboprop-engined DeHavilland Twin Otter adapted as a floatplane
A propeller comprises a set of small, wing-like aerofoils set around a central hub which spins on an axis aligned in the direction of travel. Spinning the propeller creates aerodynamic lift, or thrust, in a forward direction. A contra-prop arrangement has a second propeller close behind the first one on the same axis, which rotates in the opposite direction.
A tractor design mounts the propeller in front of the power source, and a pusher design mounts it behind. Although the pusher design allows cleaner airflow over the wing, tractor configuration is more common because it allows cleaner airflow to the propeller and provides a better weight distribution.
A variation on the propeller is to use many broad blades to create a fan. Such fans are traditionally surrounded by a ring-shaped fairing or duct, as ducted fans.
Many kinds of power plant have been used to drive propellers.
The earliest designs used man power to give dirigible balloons some degree of control, and go back to Jean-Pierre Blanchard in 1784. Attempts to achieve heavier-than-air man-powered flight did not succeed until Paul MacCready's Gossamer Condor in 1977.

Gossamer Albatross, a human-powered aircraft
The first powered flight was made in a steam-powered dirigible by Henri Giffard in 1852. Attempts to marry a practical lightweight steam engine to a practical fixed-wing airframe did not succeed until much later, by which time the internal combustion engine was already dominant.
From the first controlled powered fixed-wing aircraft flight by the Wright brothers until World War II, propellers turned by the internal combustion piston engine were virtually the only type of propulsion system in use. (See also: Aircraft engine.) The piston engine is still used in the majority of smaller aircraft produced, since it is efficient at the lower altitudes and slower speeds suited to propellers.
Turbine engines need not be used as jets (see below), but may be geared to drive a propeller in the form of a turboprop. Modern helicopters also typically use turbine engines to power the rotor. Turbines provide more power for less weight than piston engines, and are better suited to small-to-medium size aircraft or larger, slow-flying types. Some turboprop designs (see below) mount the propeller directly on an engine shaft, and are called propfans.
Since the 1940s, propellers and propfans with swept tips or curved "scimitar-shaped" blades have been studied for use in high-speed applications so as to delay the onset of shockwaves, in similar manner to wing sweepback, where the blade tips approach the speed of sound. The Airbus A400M turboprop transport aircraft is expected to provide the first production example: note that it is not a propfan because the propellers are not mounted direct on the engine shaft but are driven through reduction gearing.
Other less common power sources include:
Electric motors, often linked to solar panels to create a solar-powered aircraft.
Rubber bands, wound many times to store energy, are mostly used for flying models.
[edit] Jet aircraft
Main article: Jet aircraft
Air-breathing jet engines provide thrust by taking in air, burning it with fuel in a combustion chamber, and accelerating the exhaust rearwards so that it ejects at high speed. The reaction against this acceleration provides the engine thrust.

A jet-engined Boeing 777 taking off
Jet engines can provide much higher thrust than propellers, and are naturally efficient at higher altitudes, being able to operate above 40,000 ft (12,000 m). They are also much more fuel-efficient at normal flight speeds than rockets. Consequently, nearly all high-speed and high-altitude aircraft use jet engines.
The early turbojet and modern turbofan use a spinning turbine to create airflow for takeoff and to provide thrust. Many, mostly in military aviation, use afterburners which inject extra fuel into the exhaust.
Use of a turbine is not absolutely necessary: other designs include the crude pulse jet, high-speed ramjet and the still-experimental supersonic-combustion ramjet or scramjet. These designs require an existing airflow to work and cannot work when stationary, so they must be launched by a catapult or rocket booster, or dropped from a mother ship.
The bypass turbofan engines of the Lockheed SR-71 were a hybrid design – the aircraft took off and landed in jet turbine configuration, and for high-speed flight the afterburner was lit and the turbine bypassed, to create a ramjet.
The motorjet was a very early design which used a piston engine in place of the combustion chamber, similar to a turbocharged piston engine except that the thrust is derived from the turbine instead of the crankshaft. It was soon superseded by the turbojet and remained a curiosity.
[edit] Helicopters

HAL Dhruv, a multi-role utility helicopter.
Main article: Helicopter
The rotor of a helicopter, may, like a propeller, be powered by a variety of methods such as an internal-combustion engine or jet turbine. Tip jets, fed by gases passing along hollow rotor blades from a centrally mounted engine, have been experimented with. Attempts have even been made to mount engines directly on the rotor tips.
Helicopters obtain forward propulsion by angling the rotor disc so that a proportion of its lift is directed forwards to provide thrust.
[edit] Other forms of propulsion
Rocket-powered aircraft have occasionally been experimented with, and the Messerschmitt Komet fighter even saw action in the Second World War. Since then they have been restricted to rather specialised niches, such as the Bell X-1 which broke the sound barrier or the North American X-15 which travelled up into space where no oxygen is available for combustion (rockets carry their own oxidant). Rockets have more often been used as a supplement to the main powerplant, typically to assist takeoff of heavily loaded aircraft, but also in a few experimental designs such as the Saunders-Roe SR.53 to provide a high-speed dash capability.
The flapping-wing ornithopter is a category of its own. These designs may have potential, but no practical device has been created beyond research prototypes, simple toys, and a model hawk used to freeze prey into stillness so that it can be captured.



Classification by use

The major distinction in aircraft types is between military aircraft, which includes not just combat types but many types of supporting aircraft, and civil aircraft, which include all non-military types.

Military aircraft
Main article: Military aircraft

Saab Gripen, a Swedish multi-role fighter aircraft.
Combat aircraft divide broadly into fighters and bombers, with several in-between types such as fighter-bombers and ground-attack aircraft (including attack helicopters).
Other supporting roles are carried out by specialist patrol, search and rescue, reconnaissance, observation, transport, training and Tanker aircraft among others.
Many civil aircraft, both fixed-wing and rotary, have been produced in separate models for military use, such as the civil Douglas DC-3 airliner, which became the military C-47/C-53/R4D transport in the U.S. military and the "Dakota" in the UK and the Commonwealth. Even the small fabric-covered two-seater Piper J3 Cub had a military version, the L-4 liaison, observation and trainer aircraft. Gliders and balloons have also been used as military aircraft; for example, balloons were used for observation during the American Civil War and World War I, and military gliders were used during World War II to land troops.
[edit] Civil aircraft

The Premium Class cabin of Jet Airways Boeing 777.
Civil aircraft divide into commercial and general types, however there are some overlaps.
[edit] Commercial aircraft
Commercial aircraft include types designed for scheduled and charter airline flights, carrying both passengers and cargo. The larger passenger-carrying types are often referred to as airliners, the largest of which are wide-body aircraft. Some of the smaller types are also used in general aviation, and some of the larger types are used as VIP aircraft.
[edit] General aviation

Eurocopter EC 145 of the Rega air rescue service.
General aviation is a catch-all covering other kinds of private and commercial use, and involving a wide range of aircraft types such as business jets (bizjets), trainers, homebuilt, aerobatic types, racers, gliders, warbirds, firefighters, medical transports, and cargo transports, to name a few. The vast majority of aircraft today are general aviation types.
Within general aviation, there is a further distinction between private aviation (where the pilot is not paid for time or expenses) and commercial aviation (where the pilot is paid by a client or employer). The aircraft used in private aviation are usually light passenger, business, or recreational types, and are usually owned or rented by the pilot. The same types may also be used for a wide range of commercial tasks, such as flight training, pipeline surveying, passenger and freight transport, policing, crop dusting, and medical evacuations. However the larger, more complex aircraft are more likely to be found in the commercial sector.
For example, piston-powered propeller aircraft (single-engine or twin-engine) are common for both private and commercial general aviation, but for aircraft such as turboprops like the Beechcraft King Air and helicopters like the Bell JetRanger, there are fewer private owners than commercial owners. Conventional business jets are most often flown by paid pilots, whereas the new generation of smaller jets are being produced for private pilots.
[edit] Experimental aircraft
Experimental aircraft are one-off specials, built to explore some aspect of aircraft design and with no other useful purpose. The Bell X-1 rocket plane, which first broke the sound barrier in level flight, is a famous example.
The formal designation of "experimental aircraft" also includes other types which are "not certified for commercial applications", including one-off modifications of existing aircraft such as the modified Boeing 747 which NASA uses to ferry the space shuttle from landing site to launch site, and aircraft homebuilt by amateurs for their own personal use.
[edit] Model aircraft

A model aircraft, weighing six grams.
A model aircraft is a small unmanned type made to fly for fun, for static display, for aerodynamic research (cf Reynolds number) or for other purposes. A scale model is a replica of some larger design.

Excercise Never End 6

Report about the relation between the internet and the library.
( Access toLibrary and information system)

Abstract:

This report will process further investigation on the difference between the internet and the conventional library. It will give a short insight into the defintion of each, reveal short piecewise functionality of each as well as conclude in direct comparison.

Sub Topics:
Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail. In addition it supports popular services such as online chat, file transfer and file sharing, gaming, commerce, social networking, publishing, video on demand, and teleconferencing and telecommunications. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) applications allow person-to-person communication via voice and video.

Library

A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the collection, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term "library" has itself acquired a secondary meaning: "a collection of useful material for common use," and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology.

Introduction: This report will briefly report the differences or even the things in common between the library and the internet.


Body:I'm sure that most people who have any sense of how to research on the Internet would agree that the Internet is a much easier and shorter process. Although it still does require a lot of searching through different articles to find exactly what you are looking for, it gives you the ability to do all of your research from sitting in one spot. When doing research in a library, you are forced to first find books that you are looking for, write down their locations, and then go searching for them through the aisles of the library. You must then gather them all up and read through them, trying to find relevant information. And then, to keep track of this information, you must either check the books out or make copies of the pages that interest you. When you use the Internet, it is much more convenient. You simply type in keywords or phrases and you are given numerous articles and sites that relate to your topic. When you find something that you want to save, you can use diigo, or other similar programs, to bookmark your article, in which it will save it for you so you can go back to it. You also have the ability to make comments about the article, or highlight important lines, which you can keep private or make public for other viewers. There are some programs, such as Zotero, that will even write the bibliography for you, as opposed to writing all of the information down by hand in a traditional library setting. Online programs, such as Zotero, can save a significant amount of time, especially if you hate doing bibliographies, such as myself. There is even the option of taking part in social bookmarking in which you can find articles related to your topic that others have already bookmarked and read their comments about them. You also have the convenience of having all of your information in one spot as well as being accessible, which can be very helpful when writing a research paper. As one can see, there are many advatages to searching on the internet, as opposed to in a traditional library setting. Efe Iguariede.


Conclusion: The library use the system of the internert which provide to all user who come to use the service of the library to search for the information use.


Reference:
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/assignments.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_Difference_between_library_and_internet_in_information_provision

Exercise Again Again Again(5)

1. Write the data base of the hotel (similar to the library data base)
- Name and Surname
- Address
- Telephon No.
- Smoke/non-Smoke
- View or Room type
- Date
- Number of day
-Signature
-Reservation
-Breakfast

2.Go to the library website, search for bibliographic of data base book in the library catalog (OPEC online public access catalog)
-Academic Search Elite


Welcome to the Academic Search Elite Database Information Screen! Browse the topics listed below to find what you are looking for:
[About the Database]
[Searching Tips]
[Searchable Fields]
[Definition of Fields]
[Publications Authority File]
[Subject Terms Authority File]
[Index Browse]
[Copyright and Restrictions of Use]
[Where to Send Your Comments]

About the Database
Academic Search Elite
Academic Search Elite provides full text for more than 2,100 journals, including more than 1,700 peer-reviewed titles. In addition to the full text, indexing and abstracts are provided for over 3,650 journals. This database offers information in nearly every area of academic study including: computer sciences, engineering, physics, chemistry, language and linguistics, arts & literature, medical sciences, ethnic studies and more. Examples of titles offered in Academic Search Elite include: American Historical Review, American Journal of Political Science, American Libraries, American Sociologist, British Journal of Psychology, British Journal of Sociology, Central European History, Contemporary Literature, Early American Literature, Journal of Social Psychology, Library Journal, Social Forces, Sociological Review, Theological Studies, Women's Studies, etc. In addition to journal coverage, Academic Search Elite provides full text information from a variety of source-types such as scholarly monographs. The majority of full text titles are available in native (searchable) PDF, or scanned-in-color. Full text information in this database dates as far back as 1985.
3. Go to the library e-book data base, search for the articles about data base from pro quest ABI/Inform, dissertation & thesis
-
Microcomputer data - base management
by E.G. Brooner
Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams, 1982
Subjects

MICROCOMPUTERS
Description:
158 p

Week 4 Exercise Again and Again

1.Where can you find information about Nobel Prize? Who get the Nobel Prize this year?

-http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/2008.html

The Nobel Prize (Swedish: Nobelpriset) is a Swedish & International monetary prize, established by the 1895 will and estate of Swedish chemist and inventor Alfred Nobel. It was first awarded in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace in 1901. An associated prize, The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, was instituted by Sweden's central bank in 1968 and first awarded in 1969.[1] The Nobel Prizes in the specific disciplines (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature) and the Prize in Economics, which is commonly identified with them, are widely regarded as the most prestigious award one can receive in those fields.[1] The Nobel Peace Prize conveys social prestige and is often politically controversial.



2. Go to Encyclopedia Online at http://library.spu.ac.th/ Search for the history of autobiles or computer. Summarize the informaiton you get.

-
Location
Collection
Call No.
Copy
Barcode
Status

Main Library
หนังสือทั่วไป-อังกฤษ
TL 152 .D84A 1978
C. 1
F004354
On shelf
Main Library
หนังสือทั่วไป-อังกฤษ
TL 152 .D84A 1978
C. 2
F004355
On shelf
Main Library
หนังสือทั่วไป-อังกฤษ
TL 152 .D84A 1978
C. 3
F004358
On shelf


3.What is the different between general book and reference book?

-The distinction between a book and a reference book can be confusing. Some books that you might "reference" are still considered "books" for the purposes of citation. For example, the MLA Handbook, APA Publication Manual, and other writing style books would be treated as "books" in your bibliography.
Reference books are used to find factual information on a subject, and are not usually read all the way through or chapter by chapter. In a K-12 library, reference books are usually located in a special reference collection area, and cannot be checked out. Reference books include dictionaries, encyclopedias, thesauri, almanacs, atlases, and directories.



4.When do you need to search information from the reference collection?

- Anytime when you search topics such as flowers, country any normal things.



5.What type of reference collection that you like to use most? And why?

- Dictionary I can find the definition and examples from that. when people does not know what is the meaning of the words. They usually get the thing from dictionary.



6.Copy 1 page of the book and write in the blog.
- Manual

Top Assembly
DEIMOS consists of a rotating structure supported by a cradle assembly located on the right Nasmyth platform of the Keck II telescope. DEIMOS can be moved from the science position to a storage position when not in use. The cradle is supported on rollers, driven by a tractor drive during transport and positioned on kinematic mounts for observing. The rotating structure consists of a drive disk supported by a friction drive, a shell supported on the back by a bearing and a front end that protrudes into the elevation bearing of the telescope. There is a cable wrap at the rear of the instrument to provide 730 degrees of rotation of the rotating structure. Top level assembly drawing is D0001. Drawing D0000 is a family tree of the assembly drawings and numbers. D0002 specifies DEIMOS position angles.
Electronics bays are provided on both the cradle and rotating structure. These bays are actively cooled with glycol heat exchangers. The schematic for the glycol cooling is D0800.
6-Month Preventative Maintenance
Optical Layout
The optical layout consists of the following components:
1) Front Window
2) Slit Mask System
3) Collimator Mirror
4) Tent Mirror
5) Grating System
6) Camera Assembly
7) Shutter Assembly
8) Filter Wheel Assembly
9) Dewar System

Exercise Again

1. Journal & Magazine
- Magazine" is often used to describe a popular periodical like Time or People. “Journal” is used to describe a scholarly periodical that is written by experts. Journal articles tend to be longer and provide extensive citations to additional research.




A journal can be a monthly, quarterly etc. The articles contained in a journal can be a monthly, quarterly, etc. The articles contained in a journal are usually scholarly serious in nature and deal with a specialized area. For example, we have the journal of linguistics, journal of writing, etc.




A Magazine on the other hand doesn’t limit itself to one area. It deals with various subjects – politics, entertainment and sports. Since the articles are about sports and since the articles are meant for the general public, they are much shorter and are usually accompanied by photographs. Outlook, Frontline, and Sport star are all magazines, not journals. And like the journal, they too are brought out at regular intervals.









2. DC&LC Classification?




-DC
1-947..........History of France
1-20.5..........General
21-29.3..........Description and travel
30-34.5..........Antiquities. Social life and customs. Ethnography
35-424..........History
35-41..........General
44-59.8..........Military, naval, and political history. Foreign relations
60-424..........By period
60-109..........Early and medieval to 1515
62-64..........Gauls. Celts. Franks
64.7-94..........476-1328. Merovingians. Carlovingians. Capetians
95-109..........1328-1515
96-101.7..........Hundred Years’ War, 1339-1453
101.9-109..........15th century. Jeanne d’Arc, Saint
110-424..........Modern, 1515-
111-120..........1515-1589. 16th century
118..........Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1572
120.8-130..........1589-1715. Henri IV, Louis XIII, Louis XIV
131-138..........1715-1789. 18th century. Louis XV, Louis XVI
139-249..........Revolutionary and Napoleonic period, 1789-1815
251-354.9..........19th century
256-260..........Restoration, 1815-1830
261-269..........July Revolution of 1830. July Monarchy, 1830-1848
270-274.5..........February Revolution and Second Republic
275-280.5..........Second Empire, 1852-1870
281-326.5..........Franco-German or Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871
330-354.9..........Later 19th century
361-424..........20th century
397..........1940-1946
398-409..........Fourth Republic, 1947-1958
411-424..........Fifth Republic, 1958-
600-801..........Local history and description
601.1-609.83..........North, East, etc. France
611..........Regions, provinces, departments, etc., A-Z
701-790..........Paris
801..........Other cities, towns, etc., A-Z
921-930..........Andorra
941-947..........Monaco









a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries. It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings or Library of Congress Control Number. Most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC).
The classification was originally developed by Herbert Putnam in 1897, just before he assumed the librarianship of Congress. With advice from Charles Ammi Cutter, it was influenced by Cutter Expansive Classification, and the DDC, and was specially designed for the special purposes of the Library of Congress. The new system replaced a fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson. By the time of Putnam's departure from his post in 1939, all the classes except K (Law) and parts of B (Philosophy and Religion) were well developed. It has been criticized as lacking a sound theoretical basis; many of the classification decisions were driven by the particular practical needs of that library, rather than epistemological considerations.










Letter
Subject area
A
General Works
B
Philosophy, Psychology, and Religion
C
Auxiliary Sciences of History
D
General and Old World History
E
History of America
F
History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America
G
Geography, Anthropology, and Recreation
H
Social Sciences
J
Political Science
K
Law
L
Education
M
Music
N
Fine Arts
P
Language and Literature
Q
Science
R
Medicine
S
Agriculture
T
Technology
U
Military Science
V
Naval Science
Z
Bibliography, Library Science, and General Information Resources









3.Access the Library website : What is the Call number?




-http://www.lib.vt.edu/




-http://www.lib.jmu.edu/




-http://library.gmu.edu/









-The first letter of a call number represents one of the 21 major divisions of the LC System. In the example, the subject "Q" is Science.
The second letter "E" represents a subdivision of the sciences, Geology. All books in the QE's are primarily about Geology.
Books in categories E, United States History, and F, Local U.S. History and American History, do not have a second letter (exception: in Canada, FC is used for Canadian history).
Books about Law, K's, can have three letters, such as KFH, Law of Hawaii. Some areas of history (D) also have three-letter call numbers.
Most other subject areas will have call numbers beginning with one or two letters.
For most of the subject areas, the single letter represents books of a general nature for that subject area (i.e. Q - General Science or D - General World History).










The first sections of the call number represent the subject of the book.
The letter-and-decimal section of the call number often represents the author's last name.
And, as you recall, the last section of a call number is often the date of publication. example:





Each book in the library has a unique call number. A call number is like an address: it tells us where the book is located in the library.






4. What are sources of knowledge? Identify as much as you know.

-InstinctWhen an ant crawls on your right arm, the left hand automatically moves towards the right arm to drive the ant away. The mind does not reason here. When you see a scorpion near your leg, you withdraw the leg automatically. This is called instinctive or automatic movement. As you cross a street, how instinctively you move your body to save yourself from the cars! There is no thought during such kind of mechanical movement.
Instinct is found in animals and birds also. In birds, the ego does not interfere with the free, divine flow and play. Hence the work done by them through their instinct is more perfect than that done by human beings. Have you ever noticed the intricate and exquisite work done by birds in the building of their beautiful nests ?
Reason Reason is higher than instinct and is found only in human beings. It collects facts, generalizes, reasons out from cause to effect, from effect to cause, from premises to conclusions, from propositions to proofs. It concludes, decides and comes to final judgment. It takes you safely to the door of intuition and leaves you there.
Belief, reason, knowledge and faith are the four important psychic processes. First you have belief in a doctor. You go to him for diagnosis and treatment. The doctor makes a thorough examination of you and prescribes certain medicines. You take them. You reason out: "Such and such is the disease. The doctor has given me some iron and iodide. Iron will improve my blood. The iodide will stimulate the lymphatics and absorb the exudation and growth in the liver. So I should take it."
Then, by a regular and systematic course of these drugs, the disease is cured in a month. You then get knowledge and have perfect faith in the efficacy of the medicine and the proficiency of the doctor. You recommend this doctor and his drugs to your friends so that they too might benefit from his treatment.
IntuitionIntuition is personal spiritual experience. The knowledge obtained through the functioning of the causal body (Karana Sarira) is intuition. Sri Aurobindo calls it the Supermind or Supramental Consciousness. There is direct perception of truth, or immediate knowledge through Samadhi or the Superconscious State. You know things in a flash.


5.What do you read this week?



-I've read about Osama bin ladin the leader of Al Gida bluffed the president of the united states that if the US. Goverment will not stop the war in Iraq. The Al Gida will destroy the US. same as the Soviet 10 years before.